| Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Steel. . . But Were Afraid to Ask Copyright Michelle Applebaum Research, Inc 2003-2006 All rights reserved. June 2006 |
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
H
HAFNIUM 5
An exotic alloy usually obtained as a by-product of zirconium production with outstanding
corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. It is added to specialty alloys for use in
jet engine parts and as control rod material in nuclear reactors.
****
HARDENING
What?
Process that increases the hardness of steel, i.e., the degree to which steel will resist cutting,
abrasion, penetration, bending, and stretching.
Why?
The increased endurance provided by hardening makes steel suitable for additional
applications.
How?
Hardening can be achieved through various methods, including 1) heat treatment, where the
properties of steel are altered by subjecting the steel to a series of temperature changes; and 2)
cold working, in which changes in the structure and shape of steel are achieved through rolling,
hammering, or stretching the steel at a relatively low temperature.
****
HARDNESS 1
Defined in terms of the method of measurement.
1 Usually the resistance to indentation
2 Stiffness or temper of wrought products
3 Machinability characteristics
****
HEAT TREATMENT
What?
Altering the properties of steel by subjecting it to a series of temperature changes.
Why?
To increase the hardness, strength, or ductility of steel so that it is suitable for additional
applications.
How?
The steel is heated and then cooled as necessary to provide changes in the structural form that
will impart the desired characteristics. The time spent at each temperature and the rates of
cooling have significant impact on the effect of the treatment.
****
HEAVY STRUCTURAL SHAPES
A general term given to rolled flanged sections that have at least one dimension of their cross
sections three inches or greater. The category includes beams, channels, tees and zees if the
depth dimension is three inches or greater, and angles if the length of the leg is three inches or
greater.
****
HIGH-CARBON STEEL
Steel with more than 0.3% carbon. The more carbon that is dissolved in the iron, the less
formable and the tougher the steel becomes. High-carbon steel’s hardness makes it suitable
for plow blades, shovels, bedsprings, cutting edges, or other high-wear applications.
****
HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY (HSLA) 1
A specific group of steel in which higher strength, and in some cases additional resistance to
atmospheric corrosion or improved formability, are obtained by moderate amounts of one or
more alloying elements such as columbium, vanadium, titanium, used alone or in combination.
****
HOT BAND (HOT-ROLLED STEEL)
A coil of steel rolled on a hot-strip mill (hot-rolled steel). It can be sold in this form to customers
or further processed into other finished products.
****
HOT BRIQUETTED IRON (HBI)
Direct reduced iron that has been processed into briquettes. Instead of using a blast furnace,
the oxygen is removed from the ore using natural gas and results in a substance that is 90%
–92% iron. Because DRI may spontaneously combust during transportation, HBI is preferred
when the metallic material must be stored or moved.
****
HOT END
The section of a steelmaking complex from the furnace up to, but not including, the hot-strip
mill.
****
HOT METAL
The name for the molten iron produced in a blast furnace. It proceeds to the basic oxygen
furnace in molten form or is cast as pig iron.
****
HOT MILL 1
The rolling mill that reduces a hot slab into a coil of specified thickness; the processing is done
at a relatively high temperature (when the steel is still “red”).
****
HOT ROLL 1
Product that is sold in its “as produced state” off the Hot Mill with no further reduction or
processing steps aside from being pickled and oiled (if specified).
****
HOT-STRIP MILL
A rolling mill of several stands of rolls that converts slabs into hot-rolled coils. The hot-strip mill
squeezes slabs, which can range in thickness from two to ten inches, depending on the type of
continuous caster, between horizontal rolls with a progressively smaller space between them
(while vertical rolls govern the width) to produce a coil of flat-rolled steel about a quarter-inch in
thickness and a quarter mile in length.
****
HYL I, HYL III
Processes for producing DRI and HBI developed by Hylsa. The processes reduce iron ore
lump or pellets with reformed natural gas in a vertical shaft furnace. The HYL I process uses
four fixed-bed reactors; HYL III uses a single-shaft furnace.
****
HYDRATE
An aluminum oxide with three molecules of chemically combined water.
****
HYDROFORMING
A forming process in which a tube is placed into a forming die. The tube is then formed to the
shape of the die through the application of internal water pressure.
The hydroforming process allows for severe shape deformation, making it ideal for automotive
structural parts such as engine cradles, radiator supports, and body rails. Various shaped and
sized holes can be punched in the tube almost anywhere during the process.
****
Source: Weirton Steel Glossary
Source: Dofasco Glossary of Terms
Source: Reliance Steel 10-K
Source: BlueScope Steel Glossary of Terms
Source: Allegheny Technologies 10-K
Source: Alcoa 10-K
Source: Alcan 10-K
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
H
HAFNIUM 5
An exotic alloy usually obtained as a by-product of zirconium production with outstanding
corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. It is added to specialty alloys for use in
jet engine parts and as control rod material in nuclear reactors.
****
HARDENING
What?
Process that increases the hardness of steel, i.e., the degree to which steel will resist cutting,
abrasion, penetration, bending, and stretching.
Why?
The increased endurance provided by hardening makes steel suitable for additional
applications.
How?
Hardening can be achieved through various methods, including 1) heat treatment, where the
properties of steel are altered by subjecting the steel to a series of temperature changes; and 2)
cold working, in which changes in the structure and shape of steel are achieved through rolling,
hammering, or stretching the steel at a relatively low temperature.
****
HARDNESS 1
Defined in terms of the method of measurement.
1 Usually the resistance to indentation
2 Stiffness or temper of wrought products
3 Machinability characteristics
****
HEAT TREATMENT
What?
Altering the properties of steel by subjecting it to a series of temperature changes.
Why?
To increase the hardness, strength, or ductility of steel so that it is suitable for additional
applications.
How?
The steel is heated and then cooled as necessary to provide changes in the structural form that
will impart the desired characteristics. The time spent at each temperature and the rates of
cooling have significant impact on the effect of the treatment.
****
HEAVY STRUCTURAL SHAPES
A general term given to rolled flanged sections that have at least one dimension of their cross
sections three inches or greater. The category includes beams, channels, tees and zees if the
depth dimension is three inches or greater, and angles if the length of the leg is three inches or
greater.
****
HIGH-CARBON STEEL
Steel with more than 0.3% carbon. The more carbon that is dissolved in the iron, the less
formable and the tougher the steel becomes. High-carbon steel’s hardness makes it suitable
for plow blades, shovels, bedsprings, cutting edges, or other high-wear applications.
****
HIGH STRENGTH LOW ALLOY (HSLA) 1
A specific group of steel in which higher strength, and in some cases additional resistance to
atmospheric corrosion or improved formability, are obtained by moderate amounts of one or
more alloying elements such as columbium, vanadium, titanium, used alone or in combination.
****
HOT BAND (HOT-ROLLED STEEL)
A coil of steel rolled on a hot-strip mill (hot-rolled steel). It can be sold in this form to customers
or further processed into other finished products.
****
HOT BRIQUETTED IRON (HBI)
Direct reduced iron that has been processed into briquettes. Instead of using a blast furnace,
the oxygen is removed from the ore using natural gas and results in a substance that is 90%
–92% iron. Because DRI may spontaneously combust during transportation, HBI is preferred
when the metallic material must be stored or moved.
****
HOT END
The section of a steelmaking complex from the furnace up to, but not including, the hot-strip
mill.
****
HOT METAL
The name for the molten iron produced in a blast furnace. It proceeds to the basic oxygen
furnace in molten form or is cast as pig iron.
****
HOT MILL 1
The rolling mill that reduces a hot slab into a coil of specified thickness; the processing is done
at a relatively high temperature (when the steel is still “red”).
****
HOT ROLL 1
Product that is sold in its “as produced state” off the Hot Mill with no further reduction or
processing steps aside from being pickled and oiled (if specified).
****
HOT-STRIP MILL
A rolling mill of several stands of rolls that converts slabs into hot-rolled coils. The hot-strip mill
squeezes slabs, which can range in thickness from two to ten inches, depending on the type of
continuous caster, between horizontal rolls with a progressively smaller space between them
(while vertical rolls govern the width) to produce a coil of flat-rolled steel about a quarter-inch in
thickness and a quarter mile in length.
****
HYL I, HYL III
Processes for producing DRI and HBI developed by Hylsa. The processes reduce iron ore
lump or pellets with reformed natural gas in a vertical shaft furnace. The HYL I process uses
four fixed-bed reactors; HYL III uses a single-shaft furnace.
****
HYDRATE
An aluminum oxide with three molecules of chemically combined water.
****
HYDROFORMING
A forming process in which a tube is placed into a forming die. The tube is then formed to the
shape of the die through the application of internal water pressure.
The hydroforming process allows for severe shape deformation, making it ideal for automotive
structural parts such as engine cradles, radiator supports, and body rails. Various shaped and
sized holes can be punched in the tube almost anywhere during the process.
****
Source: Weirton Steel Glossary
Source: Dofasco Glossary of Terms
Source: Reliance Steel 10-K
Source: BlueScope Steel Glossary of Terms
Source: Allegheny Technologies 10-K
Source: Alcoa 10-K
Source: Alcan 10-K
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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